Climate sensitivity quantifies the long-term warming the Earth will experience in response to the additional energy trapped by greenhouse gases.

In this talk, I will give you a flavor of the work done by the Climate Dynamics and Data Science group to better constrain and understand climate sensitivity. I will showcase two projects. The first is an effort to improve numerical models of Earth’s Climate through a combination of Perturbed Physics Ensembles and AI emulators. The second is a toy model examining how the non-normality of the climate response operator may lead to continued warming even after we stop CO2 emissions.